In 1833, more than fifty years after the fountain pen was first invented, a New York insurance broker lewis waterman, was set to sign an important contract and decided to honour the occasion by using the standard ink filled pen of the day. However fountain pens where notoriously unreliable, especially in their capacity to regulate their ink flow, so when the pen spilled across the contract so that it could not be signed, waterman decided to do something about it
Within a year lewis Waterman had designed the world's first practical usable and virtual leak proof fountain pen. To regulate the flow of ink he successfully applied the principle of capillary action, with the inclusion of the tiny air hole in the nib of the pen along with grooves the feeder mechanism to control the flow of ink from his new leak-proof reservoir to the nib. Although Waterman deserves credit for the the invention of the modern fountain pen we know today.
The first Steel pen points was manufactured in 1828, thought to be invented by bye Petrache Poenaru, and in 1830s the inventor James Perry had several unsuccessful attempts at designing nibs that employed the the principle of capillary action.
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